Sunday, August 30, 2020

Introduction to Computer System

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Contents:

Introduction:

Computer is a tool that has become the wheel for the motion of current era. Its understanding and study has become a necessity.

General defination: A computer is a computation device.Computation device means a device which can perform calculation like addition, subtraction etc.

Modern defination: A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed to accept data(input), process it and generate result (output)

A computer along with additional hardware and software together is called a computer system

Components:

A computer system consists of Software and Hardware. The hardware part of computer system primarily comparises of a central processing unit, memory, input/output and storage devices. All of these components works together to produce required output from the input based on a set of instruction provided by the user

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CPU:

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CPU stands for central processing unit. It is the electronics circuitry of a computer that carries out the actual processing of the instruction inorder to generate output from input

Working:The CPU is given instructions and data through programs. The CPU then fetches the program and data from the memory and performs arithmetic and logic operations as per the given instructions and stores the result back to memory.

Components of CPU:Cpu basically consists of:

  • ALU
  • CU
  • Registers
  • Internal Bus
ALU: ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logical Unit. It performs all the arithmetic operation like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc and also logical operation like comparison(>,<,=) etc inorder to execute the instruction given in the program. NOTE: arithmetic operation leads to numeric value were as logical operation gives True/False as result.

CU: CU stands for Control Unit, cu generates control signal for the ALU, registers, buses and other components to work in a perticular sequence basesd on micro intsruction(that's why CPU is also called microprocessor), inorder to generate output based on the program

Registers: Registers are small memory present on the CPU itself inorder to store intermediate result of any operation.There are diffrent set of register present on CPU based on its type

Internal Bus: These are internal wires(BUS) through which data is transfered between various components of the CPU.

Example of CPU:

  • Core i3 used on desktop from Intel
  • Ryzen 7 used on desktop from AMD
  • Qualcomm® Kryo™ 470 CPU used on Mobile phones

Input Device:

These are the hardware through which data signals enters in the computer. The data signals are analog signal(eg. voice) and gets converted into digital signal(eg. mp3 file) so that CPU can process it as CPU is a digital processor. These digital signal are temporarily stored in primary memory(RAM) befor they can be accesed by CPU

Example: Speaker, Keyboard, mouse, microphone etc

Output Device:

These are the hardware that recives data from the computer system for display, hearing, physical production etc. They usually convert digital signal into analog signal.

Example: Printer, Speaker, Monitor etc

References:

  • NCERT for class 11 CS/IP
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